One of
the most overt ways it is made clear to me that Ethiopians and Americans view
the world differently is that Ethiopia follows its own calendar. The calendar
that America follows is called the Gregorian calendar, or G.C. for short. The
Ethiopian calendar has been in place for thousands of years, and corresponds
with the climate patterns and dominant religious beliefs of Ethiopia. The
calendar is aligned with the birth of Jesus, as is the G.C., but due to a
variation in calculating when he was born, they ended up between 7 and 8 years
behind, such that the year in Ethiopia just became 2005.*
In the
Ethiopian calendar, the year still consists of 365 days, 24 hours each, and a
leap year every four years. However, they divide the year into 13 months,
instead of our 12. The first 12 of those months have exactly 30 days each, and
the 13th month has the remaining 5 or 6 days. The year begins when
the rainy season “ends” (in the same way that winter “begins” on December 21st).
The end of the rainy season marks the onset of sunny days, the beginning of crop
harvests, and the ability to enjoy the newly greened landscape. It’s a time of
fresh promise, and that’s the general feeling behind the celebration of the New
Year, which took place yesterday, September 11, 2012, G.C.; aka Meskarem 1,
2005, E.C.*
Note:
The school year also begins after New Year’s, so the scholastic year and the
calendar year match up perfectly. Does anyone else get the feeling that someone
infinitely smarter than whoever Gregory was created the Ethiopian calendar?? Fuel
for the fire on that one: Ethiopians also have a different system for keeping
track of time. Like in America, the day has 24 hours, 60 minutes each, and the
day has two cycles of 12 hours. However, since Ethiopia is near the equator and
thus the length of days stays almost even with the length of nights year-round,
they start the count not in the middle of the night, but with the sunrise.
Thus, at 1am, the sun has been up for an hour; at 6, it is noon; and at 12, the
sun has just set.* It’s hard to wrap your brain around at first, but incredibly
logical in the end, right?
So
yesterday, Meskarem 1, or Fulbana 1 in Oromiffa, was a day of celebration! New
Year’s is pretty big here, and the preparations became noticeable last Thursday
– about 5 days before the holiday. That day anyone in a position of authority
working for the government, meaning at the county and town level, high tailed
it out of there, and left the bare minimum of staff behind to keep things
going. The mail transportation also stopped running last Thursday, to my
immense dissatisfaction (I want my care packages!!).
The number of strange men and people on the road in general increased
dramatically, leading to an increase in heckling of the foreigner, which got
old quickly. The hotel next door turned up its volume and pushed back its end
time on the music blaring, making sleep an interesting endeavor.
But I’m
getting caught up in the aspects of holiday time that I dislike. There were
positive and fascinating aspects to the preparations as well. I saw an
incredible amount of chickens being carried up and down the road, usually 2-4
per person carrying them, upside down by their feet, still alive. This along
with a shortage of eggs to be found in the shops could only mean one thing: doro wat was coming. Doro wat is basically chicken stew. It’s
made of oil, onion, garlic, hot green peppers, berbere (ground hot red pepper), cooked chopped chicken (some in
large chunks still on the bone), and whole hard boiled eggs. It is eaten with
injera, and is a dish for special occasions, because it’s really expensive to
buy a chicken. My compound family went one step up, and instead of buying
chickens, they bought a sheep.
On my compound last week, the women washed
literally everything that was a textile – clothing, rugs, curtains, crocheted
decorations, bedding, and the sofa/easy chairs’ slipcovers. They also washed
the walls and floor of their house, and all of that together really started to
make sense when I learned that the new year begins with the end of the rainy
season and a feeling of fresh beginnings and fresh promise. That’s how we tend
to feel in America when we switch from Winter to Spring – Spring cleaning anyone?
I know, it’s somehow still a hassle even though you have washing machines,
dryers, running water, special high-tech mops and vacuum cleaners…
So
after 5 days of noticeable buildup, the big day arrived! Late morning, I was
called into the main house to join my landlord’s family in their celebrations.
It was a full house, too. My landlord and his wife are retired-age, with grown
children and grandchildren of varying ages, and they’d all come back for the
holiday. Earlier in the morning most of them went to church, while my landlord’s
wife and niece stayed back to prepare coffee (I’m going to write a post soon
about coffee; I’m sorry that I haven’t explained it yet.). Once they returned,
everyone gathered in the living room for buna
(coffee) and habesha dabo (Ethiopian
flat bread – it’s delicious, and I’m on a mission to learn how to make it!)
covered with berbere + dhadha (Ethiopian butter); there was
also fandisha (popcorn) and kolo (roasted barley grains –
delicious!) in little bowls around the room for snacking on. In addition to buna they were serving farso (local beer), barley juice, and
honey juice (I chose the honey). The neighbors also came over on a rolling
basis for visits, coffee, and snacks, and we talked about how in Ethiopia it’s
expected that you’ll have your neighbors over to celebrate with you, but in
America, people barely know their neighbors’ names. Around
11:30, all the women cleared out of the room, and I purposely stayed behind
with the husbands and watched TV with them, while the women killed and
butchered the bug (sheep). When they
carried a big platter of sheep meat through the living room to the kitchen, I
went and sat with them while they chopped the meat.
Lunch was bug tibs – chopped and boneless sheep
meat, cooked in oil in a pot, eaten with injera.
It was pretty delicious, since tibs means
there’s no berbere! We ate from two plates/big metal platters. The adults ate
from one, and the kids from another; the adults sat on the sofa and easy chairs
around a coffee table, and the kids ate on a bench on the side. It was
basically the Ethiopian version of the dining room table for the adults and the
card table for the kids. I was of course urged, “nyaadhu!” (“eat!”) about every
60 seconds, even when I was clearly chewing… but that’s life! They asked if I
ever eat communal-style with my family in America, and I said sadly, no, but I
wish we did. It brought us physically closer, and really did add to the feeling
of group unity. After lunch we watched TV and digested, while the kids ran off
to the back bedrooms to play.
The whole
experience with my landlord’s family reminded me very much of the big family
gatherings I used to have at my grandparents’ house on my mom’s side of the
family when I was little. All the aunts and uncles and cousins would be gathered
together (usually for Christmas or Thanksgiving), lounging around, eating
special food, and enjoying each other’s company. The youngest cousin would steal
the show; the women would work on preparing lunch while the men would sit in
the living room and watch TV (or in our family’s case, rough-house with the
kids, or play a game of something in the back yard). Being with my landlord’s
family and experiencing almost the same exact family dynamic and vibe was so
wonderful, and made me feel quite at home. It was one of those experiences that
makes you see past the cultural differences to the common humanity that we all share.
Around
midafternoon, I was invited up the hill to have coffee with Laura, my fellow
Fincha PCV, and her counterpart at his place. I’m very glad I went, because it
gave me a chance to see what the town vibe was like. Walking up the hill around
3, the main road was the quietest I’ve seen it yet. Every shop except one that
I saw was closed up (there’s no such thing here as grocery stores staying open
in case you run out of something!), and everyone was clearly busy inside with
family and friends. When I came back down the hill around 4:30, the shops were
still closed, but rowdy kids and guys were starting to repopulate the street. I
got followed/surrounded by a group of boys who were running around, screaming,
and trying to get me to talk to them. Luckily I was almost home, and didn’t
have to endure it for very long. I made it home 60 seconds before the downpour
started! I spent the rest of the evening recuperating in my home, pleased with
myself for taking part in the festivities and glad to have enjoyed it!
*Unfortunately,
the nature of my internet connection and my lack of history books on Ethiopia
results in an inability to cite the information I just presented. As a result,
it is entirely possible that I’ve made mistakes on some of the details. I
sincerely apologize, and I welcome corrections and citations.